↑ Sarasin Viraphol (1977). “Law in traditional Siam and China: A comparative study” (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust). JSS Vol. 65.1 (digital): image 2. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2013. This represents the incorporation of natural law (jus naturale) into the positive law (jus gentium) of the ruler, making the pouvoir arbitraire the sole legal principle for government.
↑ Terwiel, B.J. (1991). “The Bowring Treaty: Imperialism and the Indigenous Perspective” (free PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust). JSS Vol. 79.2f (digital): image. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 8 năm 2013. In this paper the evidence upon which historians have based their statements on the Treaty's economic results is examined. It will be shown that all take their cue from Bowring's own words. Secondly it will be shown that Bowring's remarks are not necessarily a reliable indicator.
